impossible except as that holiness is divinely satisfied once for all on the cross. Such an atonement is the key to the incarnation.”4 It follows that the notion of judgment is inescapable: “The idea of God’s holiness is inseparable from the idea of judgment as the mode by which grace goes into action.”5 God had to satisfy his own holiness in dealing with the problem of human sin, and he himself did so in the holy obedience and self-offering of his Son, through which reconciliation between God and